Ligand Definition in Chemistry

A ligand is  an atom, ion, or molecule that donates or shares one or more of its electrons through a covalent bond with a central atom or ion. It is a complexing group in coordination chemistry that stabilizes the central atom and determines its reactivity. Ligands are usually considered to be Lewis bases, although a few cases of Lewis acid ligands exist. Some sources only consider ligands to be functional groups that bind to a central metal complex. In these cases, the bonds formed within the ligand may range from covalent to ionic in nature. Ligand Examples Monodentate ligands have one atom that can bind to a central atom or ion. Water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) are examples of neutral monodentate ligands. A polydentate ligand has more than one donor site. Bidentate ligands have two donor sites. Tridentate ligands have three binding sites. ​1,4,7-triazaheptane (diethylenetriamine) is an example of a tridentate ligand.  Tetradentate ligands have four binding atoms. A complex with a polydentate ligand is called a chelate. An ambidentate ligand is a  monodentate ligand that can bind in two possible places. For example,  The thiocyanate ion, SCN-, can bind to the central metal at either the sulfur or the nitrogen. Sources Cotton, Frank Albert; Geoffrey Wilkinson; Carlos A. Murillo (1999). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0471199571.Jackson, W. Gregory; Josephine A. McKeon; Silvia Cortez (2004). Alfred Werners Inorganic Counterparts of Racemic and Mesomeric Tartaric Acid: A Milestone Revisited. Inorganic Chemistry. 43 (20): 6249–6254. doi:10.1021/ic040042e

International Emergency Powers Act ( Iepa ) - 1501 Words

On November 4, 1979, Iranian revolutionaries stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took several Americans hostage . President Carter subsequently issued executive order 12170, under the provision of the International Emergency Powers Act (IEPA), which froze all Iranian governmental assets within the jurisdiction of the United States . 444 days later Iran agreed to release the hostages in exchange for the return of their seized funds and the dismissal of â€Å"all legal proceedings of US nationals against Iran and†¦ judgments via those pending proceedings†; this agreement is the basis for the Algiers Accords . Executive orders serve as immediate control measures for crises but often warrant criticism and further examination. Before the hostage crisis, Dames Moore Cooperation filed lawsuits against numerous Iranian governmental agencies. Dames was already furious about slow progress of their case in early 1980, but Carter’s executive order effectively forced the cooperation to relegate the case with the newly formed Claims Tribunal. Dames doubted the constitutionality of the executive actions arguing that they exceeded constitutional limitations, so he challenged the executive order directly . Because of the severity of the events surrounding the executive order, the case was sent directly to the Supreme Court. Ultimately, the Court upheld executive order 12170; the issues of fund transfer and suspension of legal claims both proved legal under the IEPA and congressionalShow MoreRelatedRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pages1 Lack of socio-demographic information 44 5.4.2 Social exclusion 45 5.4.3 Discrimination in health care 45 5.4.4 Discrimination in churches 46 5.4.5 Discrimination in education 47 5.4.6 Discrimination in processes promoted by international cooperation agencies and development aid 48 5.4.7 Discrimination through the media 48 2 of 104 Racism and Ethnic Discrimination in Nicaragua November 2006 5.4.8 The impact of racism on gender relations 5.4.9 Migration and racism

A Discussion of Symbols in “A Death of Salesman” Free Essays

The seeds embody Willy’s ambition to be both a good father and a â€Å"well-liked† salesman. Willy’s nocturnal futile attempt to grow vegetables clearly demonstrates his failure in achieving the American Dream. Another perspective is to see seeds as the pure embodiment of Biff. We will write a custom essay sample on A Discussion of Symbols in â€Å"A Death of Salesman† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Willy makes a hard attempt to raise and nurture Biff but despite all his desperate tries, Biff turns out to be a lazy bum. In the same way, Willy tries to grow vegetables but he fails. The other important fact about this symbol is that huge towering shapes behind Willy’s house constrict the garden in which vegetables will grow. Because of the limiting space of the garden, nothing substantial can grow. This can be interpreted that the competition, the clemency lacking quality of the American Dream (represented by the towering buildings) ultimately leads to Willy’s downfall (the futile seeds). This is a crucial point in understanding and evaluating the play because the American Dream that Willy thought as infallible, in the end proves to be fallible by leading Willy to his downfall. Linda’s And Woman’s Stockings Reference in the play: (To Willy) Biff: You – you gave her mama’s stockings![His tears break through and he rises to go] Discussion: The stockings in this play, in my opinion, represent sexual infidelity. Willy is accused by Biff for giving her mother’s stockings to a woman. The important factor here is that Willy could have given the Woman any stocking but vividly in order to empower the symbol, Arthur Miller makes sure that Willy gives the Woman Linda’s stockings. It is important to note that right after the Woman in the flashback thanks Willy for the stockings (â€Å"Woman: And thanks for the stockings†), Willy notices that Linda is mending stockings and is nagged by this fact: â€Å"Willy [angrily taking them (stockings) away from her]: I won’t have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out!† The stockings are absolutely reminiscent of Willy’s betrayal. Of course, faced alone with this fact, Willy cannot stand it and therefore commands Linda to throw them out. This depicts Willy’s ambivalent character. One Willy betrays Linda. The other Willy cannot stand this fact. Diamond: Reference in the play: Ben [With greater force]: One must go in to fetch a diamond out. Discussion: The diamonds embody the power of tangible wealth or money. In a sense, the diamonds are the solidification of American Dream. Willy invariably, has failed the American Dream and therefore doesn’t posses the diamond. The diamonds that made Ben rich also remind Willy that he is a failure. Further qualities of the diamond are revealed by Ben’s sentences: â€Å"Ben: A diamond is rough and hard to the touch.† I think what Ben wants to say is that the diamond isn’t easy to get (represented by its roughness) but once possessed, it’s a valuable asset. â€Å"Ben: It’s dark there (jungle, Africa) but full of diamonds† From the wanton, debauched way that Ben wrestles and horses around with Biff (i. e. the way he trips him), it can be concluded that Ben isn’t a moral personality. The result of this conclusion is that Ben wasn’t very honest when obtaining the diamond. The darkness in this sentence represent the immoralities or the dishonesties one must go through before one can obtain the diamond. Willy’s personality, on the other hand, lacks immorality. He has always â€Å"played it fair†, the only exception being his betrayal to Linda. Willy’s chronic honesty in business causes him to fail and so he doesn’t obtain the diamond. Whereas on the other hand, Ben succeeds. The Rubber Hose: Reference in the play: â€Å"Biff: All right, phony! Then let’s lay it on the line. [He whips the rubber hose out of his pocket and puts it on the table] Discussion: The rubber hose is an object that Willy tries to inhale gas with. The significance of this object is that it reminds the audience of Willy’s failing attempts to commit suicide. The rubber hose ,in a way the seeds do, represents Willy’s failure. Willy tries to commit suicide but even fails that. However, unlike the seed which symbolized Willy’s failure to achieve the American Dream, the rubber hose symbolizes Willy’s failure to be harmony, in union with himself. Willy ultimately fails to commit suicide because he is ambivalent to the idea of suicide. The rubber hose symbolizes Willy’s ambivalence and his failure to find himself, an observation that Willy accused Biff of. The Car and the Chevy: Reference in the play: Biff [rushing down the stairs]: Pop! [As the car speeds off, the music crashes down in a frenzy of sound] Reference to Chevy: Willy: I was thinking of that Chevy. Nine-teen twenty-eight†¦ when I had that red Chevy – [Breaks off.] The car is Willy’s ambitions and feelings in life. In the past, he had a Chevy as a car, and Biff used to simonize it. Willy Loman as a young man had ambitions and thought that he was going to thrive and flourish. The Chevy symbolizes all together Willy’s ambitions, hopes, dreams as a young man. However as Willy gets old, he suddenly realizes that he isn’t the successful businessman he dreamt that he would be. This transformation of Willy’s feelings about his life can be paralleled with the transformation of the Chevy into an old rusty car. When Willy suddenly can’t take it anymore, he commits suicide with his car. This translates into saying when Willy can not stand the idea that he failed, his feelings (his car) lead him to suicide. How to cite A Discussion of Symbols in â€Å"A Death of Salesman†, Papers

Little Miss Sunshine analysis Essay Example For Students

Little Miss Sunshine analysis Essay Small miss sunlight analysis I am traveling to look at and analyze the gap to the movie Little Miss Sunshine. In this analysis I will look at and discourse things like subjects, mise on scene, filming, redacting and music. tring to be person your non is kind of the subject, the movie seems to clearly demo this through the gap sequence, for each scene presenting a character, includes a kind of contradiction/hypocritical overtone. The movie begins with an close-up of the small girl’s eyes, she is watching what at first seems to be unrecorded Television, as an announcer is about to declare the victor of a Miss America TV show, the scene jumping between shootings of the supporter ( olive ) and the Television demoing two glamourous adult females. The shooting of the protagonist gets wider after each leap cut demoing the misss full visual aspect, the more you see the miss more tring to be person else becomes clear because of the difference between the two shootings. For illustration you have a shooting of an chubby small miss with cockamamie apparels and so a shooting of two beautiful adult females with large hair and jewelry. The following scene introduces who we shortly find out to be the girl’s pa Richard who is making a motivational address about how to go a victor. The motivational address from the pa could be took for as to be straight talking to his girl, about seeking to animate her to go this image of a beauty queen depicted on the Television, its non precisely shown but the manner the editor cuts between the Richard and the miss seems to look like she is listening to him while he talks. Slowly as his â€Å"9-Step Program to be a Winner† address ends, the shooting begins to widen, and switches to the audience as the visible radiations go on. There are merely about four pupils in a small-ish talk room listening to his address, as if to demo we the spectator that Olive isn’t the lone one seeking to be person that she is non and merely a few are and that this movie isn’t so much a comedy but more of what could be a dark comedy. Following is the scene presenting Dwayne, who we come to gain that he is Olives brother. It begins with a close-up of him raising weights followed by a medium shooting of the his little weaponries raising rather little weights. The male child is a scraggy picket adolescent with black hair, and looks a spot like an emo/greb. This apparels chosen by costume sort of shows tring to be person else in the sense this teenage male child who looks like a skateboarder wants instead to be a American football star, is seeking to look like a fit athlete although does non look that manner from first feelings. Following comes the scene presenting another adult male, what seems to be the gramps ( from what we can garner from the manner the movies is puting its self out ) of the household. It starts with his custodies locking a door so undoing a belt battalion enchantress already to the spectator seems unusual. the adult male pulls out bag of drugs ( looks like cocaine ) and uses it. The spectator comes to gain that this adult male is far from a normal old cat, once more could be taken as ligature to be some your non because he is moving like a younger adult male, alternatively of an older adult male watching out for his wellness and moving his age. The following shooting introduces the Dendranthema grandifloruom ( Sheryl ) ( once more based on the given facts ) who seems frantically driving a auto while on the phone. The tring to be person else in this shooting seems to be in the duologue because as she is smoking a coffin nail and speaking to her hubby she says â€Å"†¦no I’m non smoking! † but so is speedy to flick it out of the window. .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 , .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .postImageUrl , .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 , .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:hover , .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:visited , .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:active { border:0!important; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:active , .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1 .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u82ac52e5640ccbbc409daf890dc8dec1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Legalization Of Drungs EssayThe last shooting of the gap sequence, the most of import when you think about it, is the shooting including the film’s rubric. Here the mise-en-scene gives off the look/feel of the movie, the inspirational vocal quickens including more and more fiddles and doing the scene more dramatic. The opening scene ends with a average close-up of a man’s face ( although it seems as if the movie has had its opening scene, with the debut of sheryls brother it could be said that it is still opening ) . The adult male is in a wheel chair and a infirmary gown, he is looking depressed. The coloring material of the scene is rather blue/cool, giving kind of sad feeling. The best illustration of tring to be person else is in where the rubric in this shooting is as it said the words â€Å"Little Miss Sunshine† and the word â€Å"sunshine placed straight on his face ( you could reason ) . It is here the movies managers and cameramans give away the true feel of the movie and that it is no regular comedy, it is tragic, dry and dark. The mise-en-scene of the gap sequence show that these characters are non typical, they are different to their stereotypes/first visual aspect and are all seeking to be something that they are non. For illustration an ugly girl seeking to be a beauty queen, a also-ran seeking to go a victor, a tobacco user seeking non to look like a tobacco user, and a adult male who is old seeking to be immature. This is showed in the redaction of each characters own scenes, they begin with average close-ups of an action and as the spectator thinks they understand them ( in the sense of significance ) . As the shooting zooms out and we see the full scene – the location, costume and visual aspect – we shortly realise that the instance is complete face-to-face, like when we see that the pa has a empty talk hall while he is giving a address about winning. As the movie continues we start to see that the single characters are all portion of the same household and that they are seeking to acquire their girl to a beauty pageant. this household seems to be a dysfunctional/weird/unusual household seeking to populate the authoritative what’s known as the AMERICAN DREAM. There all seeking to be happy and perfect while being eldritch and dysfunctional. The hues/saturation of the scenes and colourss of the character’s vesture are all giving a warm/loving feeling to the film, while the movie is really meant to be rather dark and sometimes tragic. yeah the mirth is all in the tring to be person else , but once more, the filming is making what the characters are making, it is seeking to be something that it’s non, which is a household dark comedy seeking to be a fun household comedy. Although this does look to be all be done intentionally for the movie, which makes it quire different ticker. Small Miss Sunshine shows the attempts of a non so normal household seeking to acquire their girl to a children’s beauty pageant, but incorporating a kind of representation of issues in America at the clip. It seems to some what suggest a individuals battle to be perfect, every bit good as the battle of the a in-between category household in society. In the gap we come the realise there are many people involved in the narrative, each with there ain narrative to state. the characters when taking into history the age and gender, we assume they are a household. The spectator gets a little gustatory sensation of each individual to the non-diegetic sound of an instrumental vocal that plays in the background, that could be described as Inspirational or motivational. .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef , .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .postImageUrl , .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef , .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:hover , .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:visited , .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:active { border:0!important; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:active , .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b8f570e348b435ec1c31bda977d51ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: House Cats EssayThese subjects are all at some point represented within the film, which besides gives away the film’s topic of what could be tring to be person else in the sense The film could be rather dry both in mise-en-scene and secret plan. The tring to be person else is at that place from the off set, for illustration the protagonist’s male parent managers people on how to be a victor while being unsuccessful at his ain occupation and the supporter is an chubby and awfully dressed kid who competes to go a beauty queen. while all this is go oning the filming gives a us bright and warm expression to a what seems to be a broken place.